Immigrant Labour Market Assimilation and Arrival Effects: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey

We estimate models of earnings and employment outcomes for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force Survey between 1993 and 2002. Two hypotheses are investigated: (i) whether immigrant outcomes assimilate towards those of natives and (ii) whether labour market conditions at time of entry to the UK labour market have a permanent impact on outcomes. We find positive earnings assimilation for all immigrant groups and strong employment assimilation for those immigrants who complete their education in the UK. We find negative employment assimilation for South Asian immigrants who completed their education overseas. There is some evidence of unemployment rates at time of entry to the labour market causing permanently lower earnings for non-white immigrants

Pneumatic inflatable end effector

The invention relates to an end effector device for robot or teleoperated type space vehicle which includes an inflatable balloon member carried on the end of tubular member which has a hollow center or conduit through which a suitable pressurized fluid is supplied. The device may be inserted into a variety of shaped openings or truss-type structures for handling in space

An Optics Field Site for Auroral Studies

The earlier orbits and ephemerides for the Soviet satellites were not sufficiently accurate to be very useful in making observations in Alaska. Extrapolations from our own observations gave better predictions. This merely pointed out the fact that rough observations of meridian transits at high latitudes will give better values of the inclination of the orbit than precision observations at low latitudes. Hence, it was decided to observe visually the meridian transits estimating the altitude by noting the position with respect to the stars or using crude alidade measurements. The times of the earlier observations were observed on a watch or clock and the clock correction obtained from WWV. Later the times were determined with the aid of stop watches, taking time intervals from WWV signals. This rather meager program of optical observations of the Soviet satellites was undertaken to give supplementary data for use of the radio observations, and particularly to assist in the prediction of position of the satellite so that the 61-foot radar of Stanford Research Institute could be set accurately enough to observe it (the beam width at the half-power points is about 3°). This report contains primarily the visual observations made at the Geophysical Institute by various members of the staff, and a series of observations by Olaf Halverson at Nome, Alaska. In addition there is a short discussion of the geometry of the trajectory, the illumination of a circumpolar satellite, and a note on the evaluation of Brouwer's moment factors.IGY Project No. 1.14 NSF Grant No. Y/1.14/1771. Introduction -- 2. General Construction -- [3. Operation of Instruments] 3.1 Sky view and location -- 3.2 Supports for instruments -- 3.3 Facilities for each major instrument : a) Hunten scanning spectrometer ; b) IGY patrol spectrograph ; c) College meridian mirror spectrograph ; d) Huet prism spectrograph ; e) Roach scanning photometer ; f) All-sky camera ; g) Future installations -- 4. Auxiliary Facilities : 4.1 Electric power; circuit details ; 4.2 Other services -- 5. SummaryYe

Novel polyoxometalates: Is antimony the new molybdenum?

Polyoxometalates based on Mo, W or V have been known for a long time and present a diverse range of structures, with the [XMo₁₂O₄₀]ⁿ⁻ Keggin ions (X = P, Si ,…) perhaps the best known.¹ They are still subject to intense research with >4000 papers published in the past five years. Following on from our study² of aryl arsonic acids RAsO₃H₂, which are straightforward molecular species based on four-coordinate As(V), we became interested in the corresponding antimony compounds. Although aryl stibonic acids of nominal formula RSbO₃H₂ have been known for over 100 years,³ their composition has remained uncertain, as they form only amorphous solids, have complicated titration behaviour and only limited solubility. The presumption has been that they are polymeric, based on 5- or 6-coordinate Sb with Sb-O-Sb linkages, though direct evidence is sparse.⁴ Recently, it has been shown by Beckman that if very bulky R groups are used, then relatively simple dimers such as (2,6-Mes₂C₆H₃Sb₂O₂(OH)₄(Mes=mesityl) can be isolated, but these represent a special case.

Residual mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V after simulated Space Shuttle reentry

Oxidation and embrittlement are concerns in use of titanium foils for shielding advanced space transportation system vehicles during Earth reentry. Ti-6Al-4V in 0.003 in. and 0.035 in. thicknesses were exposed to multiple cycles of simulated space transportation system ascent/reentry conditions at temperatures ranging from 1000 F to 1200 F. Residual mechanical tests and metallurgical analyses were made on the specimens after exposure. Results show that tensile elongation is the mechanical property most affected by the reentry environment. Results are presented to show a comparison of residual properties of foil specimens from static oxidation exposure and cyclic oxidation exposure

Response of Inconel 617 superalloy to combined ground-based and STS reentry exposure

Inconel 617 is a nickel-based superalloy which is being considered for heat-shield applications because of its high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and high emittance of oxidized surfaces. While the effects of simulated reentry conditions on emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617 have been studied, the combined effects of the ground-based environment with sea salt exposure and the reentry environment have not been evaluated. Experimental results are presented to show the effects of environmental simulation including ground-based and reentry exposure on the emittance and oxidation of Inconel 617. Specimens were exposed to simulated reentry at a surface temperature of 2000 F in the Langley Research Center Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System (HYMETS) Facility with and without alternate exposures to an atmospheric seashore environment or a laboratory sea salt environment. This paper presents emittance, mass loss, oxide chemistry, and alloy composition data for the specimens

Oxidation and emittance of superalloys in heat shield applications

Recently developed superalloys that form alumina coatings have a high potential for heat shield applications for advanced aerospace vehicles at temperatures above 1095C. Both INCOLOY alloy MA 956 (of the Inco Alloys International, Inc.), an iron-base oxide-dispersion-strengthened alloy, and CABOT alloy No. 214 (of the Cabot Corporation), an alumina-forming nickel-chromium alloy, have good oxidation resistance and good elevated temperature strength. The oxidation resistance of both alloys has been attributed to the formation of a thin alumina layer (alpha-Al2O3) at the surface. Emittance and oxidation data were obtained for simulated Space Shuttle reentry conditions using a hypersonic arc-heated wind tunnel. The surface oxides and substrate alloys were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray analysis unit. The mass loss and emittance characteristics of the two alloys are discussed

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE STABILIZATION AND CYCLES IN THE CANADIAN WHEAT MARKET

In this study, moving average price stabilization schemes were analyzed under the assumption of rational expectations. It was shown that moving average price schemes may induce cyclical behavior into market prices where no cyclical pattern previously existed. Moving average price stabilization schemes are important to Canadian agricultural policy analysis because they are a characteristic of stabilization programs in Canada. Indeed, the Agricultural Stabilization Act, introduced in 1975, and the Gross Revenue Insurance Program, introduced in 1991, use moving average prices to calculate returns to producers.Demand and Price Analysis,